An increasing number of women of reproductive age are suffering from a hormonal disorder called Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Gynecologists say more awareness is needed about the condition, which prolongs for a lifetime and can be simply controlled by a proper diet and lifestyle.
The PCOS Society of India, founded by Dr. Duru Shah, warns that PCOS is not a disease but a condition that can present in various ways, including irregular periods, hirsutism, obesity, infertility, and miscarriages. Anita Soni, a gynecologist at Hiranandani Hospital, emphasizes the importance of a diet with low carbohydrates, high protein, and daily physical exercise for controlling the condition. However, many women ignore the symptoms and only seek medical attention when they face difficulties conceiving. Almost 80% of PCOS patients are obese, with urban Indian women at a higher risk due to poor lifestyles, eating habits, and lack of physical activity.
How PCOS is caused?
The syndrome of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects the reproductive years, causing periods to be irregular or prolonged, often occurring during May, and may also result from an excess of androgen hormones.
PCOS causes fluid-filled cysts along the outer edge of the ovary, containing immature eggs called follicles. These cysts fail to release eggs regularly, leading to long-term complications like type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Early diagnosis and treatment, along with weight loss, may reduce the risk. High levels of insulin can lead to weight gain and symptoms of PCOS, as it increases androgen production, leading to a condition called acanthosis nigricans, a skin condition characterized by thickened, velvety patches of skin.
Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps cells use sugar as energy. If cells become resistant, blood sugar levels can rise, leading to increased insulin production. This can cause the body to produce too much androgen, affecting ovulation. Signs of insulin resistance include dark patches of skin, increased appetite, and weight gain. Low-grade inflammation, a response to infection or injury, and high androgen levels can also contribute to PCOS, causing heart and blood vessel issues.
The Effects of PCOS on Fertility
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, and hormonal imbalances such as insulin resistance. These imbalances hinder ovulation and follicular development, reducing the chances of successful fertilization. The presence of ovarian cysts contributes to these hormonal imbalances. Additionally, changes in the endometrial lining can affect implantation, lowering the likelihood of successful fertilization. PCOS is often linked to obesity and insulin resistance, further complicating pregnancy outcomes.
PCOS patients can achieve pregnancy through medical intervention, including ovulation induction and lifestyle modifications. These treatments, in conjunction with assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, help individuals manage weight and improve insulin sensitivity, addressing the specific needs and challenges of PCOS patients.
How to improve PCOS-related pregnancy chances?
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which can impact fertility. A balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is essential, as it helps regulate menstrual cycles and improve ovulation. Avoiding processed foods, sugars, and refined carbohydrates can contribute to insulin resistance, which is often associated with PCOS. Regular exercise can help manage weight, improve insulin sensitivity, and promote overall health. Medications may be prescribed by a healthcare provider to help regulate menstrual cycles and induce ovulation.
Stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, or deep-breathing exercises can also impact fertility. Some women may benefit from supplements like inositol, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor progress, adjust medications, and address any concerns. In severe cases, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended. It’s essential to work closely with a healthcare team to develop a personalized plan based on your specific needs and circumstances.
During PCOS, maintain your weight to a healthy level
Bariatric surgery can help improve PCOS conditions by decreasing insulin resistance and improving fertility. It is recommended for individuals with BMIs 40 and above, as well as those with diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea. The type of surgery depends on a comprehensive evaluation of health and goals. For severe obesity, weight loss is often difficult to maintain, and bariatric surgery can help. While lifestyle changes and medication can help, some individuals may have a set point that resists weight loss, making bariatric surgery a valuable tool.
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for individuals with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), as it improves insulin sensitivity, restores hormonal balance, promotes menstrual regularity, and enhances fertility. To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, individuals should adopt a balanced diet, engage in regular exercise, practice portion control, stay hydrated, and consider meal timing. Consulting with healthcare professionals and stress management through mindfulness or yoga are also recommended for overall well-being.
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